ISSN 1392-0138
ISSN 2029-4174 (online)
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2009 m. Nr. 1-2
Development of autoimmune process in rats immunized with influenza vaccine
Laima LEONAVIČIENĖ, Rūta BRADŪNAITĖ, Audrius VASILIAUSKAS, Dalia VAITKIENĖ, Algirdas VENALIS
Background. The role of vaccination in the development of autoimmunity has been extensively
discussed in the literature; nevertheless, it remains vague. Whether there is a causal
relationship between vaccination and the mechanisms leading to the autoimmune phenomena
has yet to be discovered. Therefore, characterization of autoimmune disease in
Wistar rats immunized with influenza vaccine was the basis of the current report.
Materials and methods. Forty-three Wistar male rats (30 with AA and 13 healthy)
were used. Two groups of animals with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and one group of healthy
rats were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) four times with 0.01 ml of influenza vaccine.
Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations were made. Untreated groups (with AA and
healthy) served as controls. Body and organ weight, blood and pro/antioxidant system indices
in serum, joint swelling, development of polyarthritis, as well as histological changes
in joints, liver and lungs were evaluated.
Results. A more aggressive pathological process with elevated ESR and MDA levels
and histological changes in the lungs and liver were observed in vaccinated animals. Despite
a significant joint swelling and changes in periarticular soft tissues (increase of inflammatory
infiltration, edema and angiomatosis), changes in the synovium and cartilage
of vaccinated animals did not differ from those in AA controls, although the therapeutic
vaccination induced more pronounced edema and inflammatory infiltration with granulocytes
and macrophages in synovium, fissures (in 30% of animals), enhanced the rise of
erosium (by 13.9%), usures (by 31.6%) and the thinning of cartilage (by 25%).
We failed to detect any evidence of a clinically observed autoimmune process in healthy
rats after vaccination, except only minimal histological changes in joints of some animals.
Conclusions. Our preliminary findings are the first to show the presence of a certain
relationship between vaccination and the exacerbation of autoimmune disease. The use of
commercial influenza vaccine enhances the autoimmune process expressed by increased
joint swelling and changes in soft periarticular tissues of experimental animals, and induces
changes in the lungs. A greater impairment was observed after therapeutic vaccination.
Keywords: rats, adjuvant arthritis, vaccination
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