The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the effects of long-term exposure to cadmium ions (Cd²⁺) on cell death, mitotic activity and translational machinery of mouse liver cells. It was determined that after intraperitoneal injections of cadmium chloride solution (0.16 mg Cd²⁺ per 1 kg of body mass) for six weeks, three times per week, the number of TUNEL positive cells containing fragmented nuclei was significantly higher than in control (p < 0.0001); the median score was 1. Cadmium-induced cell death was accompanied by activation of mitosis. These data indicate an activation of liver regeneration during sub-chronic exposure to Cd2+. Examination of liver translation showed that Cd²⁺ reduced both the incorporation of [¹⁴C]-labeled leucine into newly synthesized peptides and proteins and the acceptor activity of tRNA^Leu. In comparison with the control, liver exposure to Cd²⁺ caused activation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase.

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