The object of the study was to evaluate the effect of aluminum ions (Al³⁺) on activity of tRNA^Leu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase from mouse liver in vivo and in vitro. Experiments were done on white laboratory mice using intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 LD₅₀ AlCl₃ solution (25 mg Al³⁺/kg body mass). The acceptor activity of tRNA^Leu was evaluated by the formation of [¹⁴C]-leucyltRNA^Leu. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity was measured by the initial rate of tRNA^Leu aminoacylation. We determined the effect of Al³⁺ on the activities of translation machinery components in mouse liver in vivo and in vitro. 16 h after treatment with Al³⁺ the acceptor activity of tRNA^Leu decreased by 23%. However, Al³⁺ caused an increase of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity in the total preparation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by 20%. We supposed that the increase in leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity is part of compensatory response to the diminished activity of tRNA^Leu in vivo. Aluminum ions inhibit the acceptor activity of tRNA^Leu in vitro by 15–20% in the presence of different concentrations of Al³⁺ (5–40 µM). On the other hand, even low concentrations of Al³⁺ (5–10 µM) inhibit the activity of leucyl-tRNA synthetase by 19–25%. In the presence of 40 µM of Al³⁺ activity of this enzyme was only 40% as compared to control. These data show that Al³⁺ has a significant influence on the components of translation machinery in mouse liver in vivo and in vitro.

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