Chemija / Chemistry
 ISSN 0235-7216 ISSN 2424-4538 (online) |
2013 m. Nr. 4 One-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazoles promoted by nano-TiCl4 · SiO2: An experimental and theoretical study
Nano-TiCl4 · SiO2 has been found to be an extremely efficient catalyst for the preparation of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles via three-component reactions of benzil, aldehydes and ammonium acetate under mild conditions. Nano-TiCl4 · SiO2 as a solid Lewis acid has been synthesized by reaction of nano-SiO2 and TiCl4. The structure characterization of this acid has been studied by XRD, SEM and TEM. This process was simple and environmentally benign with high to excellent yields. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered conveniently and reused for at least three times. Standard ab initio calculations have been carried out in order to identify the possible reaction mechanism.
Keywords: 2,4,5-tri-substituted-1H-imidazoles, nano-TiCl4 · SiO2, benzil, solvent-free conditions, ab initio |
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