This paper sociologically explores several theses notable in the eco-modernist literature, particularly the claim that, compared to the consensus-oriented environmental reforms of the 1990s, the early environmentalism (of the 1970s) has been antagonistic (or rather critical) as regards attitudes and self-identity of environmentalists vis-à-vis other social actors and institutions, especially industrialists and public authorities. Based on empirical evidence and research into environmentalism in Lithuania since the emergence of first formally established green clubs like Atgaja (Revival) 20 years ago, in 1987, this article indicates that there has been neither a clear-cut conflict nor consensus among various categories of actors during various periods of time. By contrast, environmental attitudes and activism in Lithuania in the 1980s as well as 1990s is characterized by a mixed – a “hybrid” type – of relationships among the green movement and industrialists as well as public authorities, which is reflected in the public discourse and particular environmental actions.

Keywords: environmental attitudes, civic activism, Lithuania, ecological modernization, hybrid social identity