This paper presents results of investigation of oxbow lake sediments of the Neris River in the Valakupiai section in the vicinity of Vilnius (capital of Lithuania). The grain-size data enabled to define the uniformity, homogeneity and genetic sterility of the floodplain alluvium. Sandy sediments in oxbow lake deposits show 18 flood events of the Neris River during the Subboreal / Subatlantic time. The buried Holocene oaks and malacofauna were studied from the lower part of fluvial sediments. During the Atlantic period (before 5600 BP) thermophilic tree forests were growing. Late in the Atlantic and early in the Subboreal (after 5600 BP), according dendrochronological measurements the climate got cooler. The Ancylus fluviatilis dominates in reophile mollusk fauna. Mollusk fauna reveals warmer climatic conditions in the Atlantic period, too. The malacofauna contained an immigrant mollusk (Theodoxus fluviatilis) from the Black Sea basin. The Valakupiai section at the Neris River reflects two stages – riverbed and lacustrine – of oxbow lake development.

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